mangroves
Kalak kambing
Finlaysonia obovata

Family Apocynaceae

updated Nov 10
Where seen? This climber with distinctive horn-like fruits is rarely seen. According to Hsuan Keng, it is found in mangroves and tidal river banks including at Kranji and Geylang. Ang et al have found it in some of our remaining mangroves. Generally uncommon in global distribution, but where they occur, they can be common. Usually found in mangroves and on borders of tidal creeks and fishponds.

Features: A slender, woody climber up to 5m long. Scrambling over and draping mangrove trees. Leaves fleshy (5-10cm) green, arranged opposite one another. Flowers small (about 1cm) with fuzzy petals, arranged in a branched inflorescence. According to Giesen, the flowers have a noxious smell. According to Ang et al, it is believed to be pollinated by flies and beetles that are attracted to rotting carcasses. In Java it flowers comparatively rarely. Fruits are green, ribbed (8-10cm) in a pair, described as resembling the horns of a buffalo. Bark pale, warty and papery. A white latex oozes out of all broken surfaces.

Human uses: According to Burkill, the leaves are eaten in salads in the Moluccas, but "apparently this use does not extend to Malaya". According to Ang et al, this plant was recently found to contain substances that have antibacterial properties against fish diseases.

Kranji Canal, Mar 09
Status and threats: This climber is listed as 'Critically Endangered' on the Red List of threatened plants of Singapore. This is because it is estimated that there are fewer than 50 mature individuals left in the wild with some evidence of decline and fragmentation of its natural habitat.


Kranji Canal, Mar 09

Kranji Canal, Mar 09

Kranji Canal, Mar 09


Pulau Ubin, May 09

Pulau Ubin, May 09

Pulau Ubin, May 09


Kranji Canal, Dec 10

Kranji Canal, Dec 10

Kranji Canal, Dec 10


Mandai, Mar 11

Mandai, Mar 11

Mandai, Mar 11


Mandai, May 11

Mandai, May 11

Mandai, May 11

Links

References

  • Ang, W. F., P. X. Ng, S. Teo, A. F. S. L. Lok & H. T. W. Tan, 2010. The status and distribution in Singapore of Finlaysonia obovata Wall. (Apocynaceae). Nature in Singapore, 3: 7–11. [PDF, 476 KB]
  • Hsuan Keng, S.C. Chin and H. T. W. Tan. 1990, The Concise Flora of Singapore: Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons. Singapore University Press. 222 pp.
  • Davison, G.W. H. and P. K. L. Ng and Ho Hua Chew, 2008. The Singapore Red Data Book: Threatened plants and animals of Singapore. Nature Society (Singapore). 285 pp.
  • Burkill, I. H., 1993. A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula. 3rd printing. Publication Unit, Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Volume 1: 1-1240; volume 2: 1241-2444.
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