talking points for nature guides
echinoderms text index | photo index
Phylum Echinodermata > Class Stellaroida > Order Asteroidea
Photo index of sea stars on Singapore shores
large sea stars >10cm

size given is for diameter of sea star with arms



Biscuit sea star
Goniodiscaster scaber



Spiny sea star
Gymnanthenea laevis



Cake sea star
Anthenea aspera



Knobbly sea star
Protoreaster nodosus



Pentaceraster sea star
Pentaceraster mammillatus
5-15cm. Body flat, thick. Upperside neat rounded bumps. Arms rather short with rounded tips. Underside pale with blue edges along the under-arm grooves. No large pedicellariae on the underside. Among seagrasses and in coral rubble. Sometimes seen on our Northern shores. 7-15cm. Body flat, thick. Upperside many spiny bumps. Arms long, rounded tips. Body bordered by large, block-like scalloped plates with huge pedicellaria. and spines on the arms. Underside plain. Seagrass meadows, coral rubble. Sometimes see on our Northern shores. 10-20cm. Body slighty convex on upperside, thick. Upperside tiny pedicellaria. Arms short with rounded tips. Body bordered by large block-like plates with huge pecidellaria. Underside often with chevron pattern of bars. Coral rubble. Sometimes seen on our Northern shores. Up to 30cm. Body hard, heavy. Arms long, tapering to rounded tip, thick triangular in crossection. Tube feet with suckers are bright red or purple. Colours mostly red, also white or brown. Knobs black or brown. Coral rubble. Sometimes seen on some of our shores. About 20cm. Body hard, heavy. Arms long, tapering to rounded tip, thick triangular in crossection. Regular pattern of pale knobs. Seagrass and coral rubble. Seen on Cyrene Reef.

Common sea star
Archaster typicus

Eight-armed sand star
Luidia maculata

Luidia sand star
Luidia sp.

Orange sand star
Astropecten sp.

Cushion star
Culcita novaeguinea
12-15cm. Body somewhat rounded. 5 arms long, tapering to sharp tip, edged with short flat, blunt spines. Tube feet with sucker tips. Colours and patterns are highly variable in shades of greyish blue, to brown and beige. Sand bars and sandy lagoon bottoms. Commonly seen in large numbers on some shores. 12-15cm. Body somewhat rounded. 8 arms long, tapering to sharp tip, edged with tiny sharp spines. Tube feet with pointed tips. Colours and patterns are highly variable in shades of greyish blue, to brown and beige, with a darker star-shaped pattern in the centre, and dark bars along the length of the arms. Sandy areas near seagrass meadows. Sometimes seen alone on our Northern shores. 8-10cm. Body somewhat rounded. Usually five arms long, tapered to a pointed tip, edged with tiny spines. Tube feet with pointed tips. Upperside plain, beige or pale greyish pink. Silty sandy area. Sometimes seen on Changi. 10-15cm. Body rather flat. Arms long, tapered to a sharp tip with large marginal plates, stout flat pointed spines on the sides. Tube feet pointed. Upperside beige often with bluish margins, underside bright orange. Sandy shores. Rarely seen on some of our shores. 12-20cm. Arms very short, body almost globular. Coral rubble, living reefs. Sometimes seen on some of our Southern shores.

how to tell apart large sea stars



photo index of
echinoderms on this site
Phylum Echinodermata
all echinoderms

With arms

  many, feathery
feather stars

five, bristley
brittle stars

sea stars
small <10cm
large >10cm

Hard
  flat, coin-like
sand dollars

spherical, spiny
sea urchins
heart urchins

Soft

  sea cucumbers
short <10cm
long >10cm
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