hard corals text index | photo index
Phylum Cnidaria > Class Anthozoa > Subclass Zoantharia/Hexacorallia
Photo index of hard corals on Singapore shores
Colony with thick branches




Cauliflower coral
Pocillopora sp.



Branching horn coral
Hydnophora rigida



Branching pore coral
Porites sp.



Ridged
montipora coral

Montipora sp.
Colony 10-12cm, bushy with short tentatcles. Tiny corallites. Tiny polyps with a short body column and short blunt tentacles with white or blue tips. Colours yellow or brown with a white or blue tinge. Commonly seen on our Southern shores. Colonies 15cm across, small branching bush-like, some with an encrusting base. Monticules (hard bits sticking out) generally conical. Colour baby blue. Rarely seen, on our Southern shores. Colonies 10-12cm, branching with stumpy branches. Corallites tiny, shallow and hexagonal. Polyps tiny with short tentacles. Colours brown, yellow, green, bluish and purplish. Commonly seen on our Southern shores. Colony 15-20cm. Short and thick branches, tips are white and lack polyps. Corallites tiny with no ridges between them. Polyps are tiny. Colours beige or brown, sometimes blue or purplish. Commonly seen on our Southern shores. Colony 15-20cm, may be branching or encrusting. Short and thick branches, tips are white and lack polyps. Corallites tiny with large ridges between them. Polyps are tiny. Colours beige or brown, sometimes purplish. Sometimes seen on our Southern shores.

         



Stumpy
acropora coral

Acropora sp.



Elegant acropora coral
Acropora sp.
Colonies 15-20cm, squat bush. Branches short, thick stumpy, don't interlock. Polyps are tiny. Axial corallite circular and very prominent. Radial corallites smoothly rounded and form a rosette. Seen on our Southern shores.
Colonies 15-20cm, bush. Branches tapering, don't interlock. Polyps are tiny. Axial corallite circular and large. Radial corallites smoothly tubular. Rarely seen, on our Southern shores.
Colonies 15-20cm, sparse bush. Branches thick, tapering and branching at the tips thus resembling deer horns. Branches don't interlock. Polyps are tiny. Axial corallite is large and cylindrical. Radial corallites smoothly tubular and form a rosette. Rarely seen, on our Southern shores.
Colonies 15-20cm, elegant bush. Branches long, neat and tapering, don't interlock. Polyps are tiny. Axial corallite prominently large. Radial corallites smoothly rounded or tubular, regularly but not closely spaced. When extended, the long polyp tentacles give the colony a hairy look. Seen on our Southern shores.
Colonies 15-20cm, bushy. Branches cylindrical, don't interlock. Polyps are tiny. Axial corallite large. Radial corallites have sharp edges and form a rosette, closely packed so the branch resembles a pine cone. Seen on our Southern shores.
         



Crinkled sandpaper coral
Psammocora sp.
     



Cave coral
Tubastrea sp.
Colonies 15-300cm. Boulder-shaped with short, crinkled branches. Tiny corallites surface with a sandpaper-like texture. With the tentacles extended, the surface has a furry look. Colours include green, blue to yellow, brown and pinkish. Commonly seen on many of our Southern shores.       Colony small (2-4cm) with a few large polyps arranged like a bouquet of flowers. Corallites long and tubular. Polyps large, fleshy with long tapered tentacles. Orange-yellow or brown. Rarely seen on our shores.

These are NOT hard corals



Blue coral
Heliopora coerulea



Knobbly soft coral
Carijoa sp.



Leathery sea fan
awaiting identification



Candelabra sea fan
awaiting identification
 
Colonies 15-30cm, branching with stumpy branches. Internal skeleton is blue but on the outside, they are usually brown. Polyps tiny (about 0.5cm) with 8 tentacles with fine branches. They are soft corals although they have a hard skeleton. Commonly seen on many of our shores. 5-8cm long with large polyps (1cm) in capsules along the side branches. White, beige, orange. On boulders, jetties. Commonly seen on some of our Northern shores.
50cm-1m. Colony bushy, long stems not frequently branched. Cylindrical, thick (1cm) fleshy and leathery, with a wire-like central support sometimes exposed at the tips. Dusky pinkish beige. On coral reefs. Often seen on our Southern shores.
10-15cm. Colony with sparse branches, that emerge in a U-shape. Cylindrical stems with large white polyps all around. Orange. On coral rubble, rocks. Commonly seen on some of our Northern shores.  



photo index of
cnidarians on this site
Phylum Cnidaria
with hard skeleton

polyp shape
long tentacles

colony shape
  leafy

crinkled


plate


branching
  thick branches
thin branches
  boulder
  Corallite shape=
ring
hexagonal
brain or maze

others

colony unattached
(mushroom hard coral)
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