 |
|
| hard corals photo index |
| Phylum Cnidaria > Class Anthozoa > Subclass Zoantharia/Hexacorallia |
Don't know the name of the hard coral? Try the hard coral photo index
hard corals | other cnidarians
Order Sclerectinia hard corals
|
prp
|
chg
|
ubn
|
cj
|
skd
|
bb
|
tus
|
ecp
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
||
| Family Acroporidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Astreopora
sp. Pebble coral |
||||||||||||||
| Acropora
sp. Acropora corals |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
kus
|
sis
|
hnt
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Blunt tip acrospora | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
snt
|
cyr
|
sis
|
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Elegant acropora | |||||||||||||||
|
snt
|
kus
|
sis
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Pinecone acropora | ||||||||||||||||
|
laz
|
hnt
|
smk
|
rfl
|
Staghorn acropora | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
tm
|
lab
|
sis
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Stumpy acropora | ||||||||||||||||
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Tubular acropora | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Montipora
sp. Montipora corals |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
hnt
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
Bumpy branched montipora | ||||||||||||||
|
bb
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
sji
|
sis
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Smooth branched montipora | ||||||||||||
|
kus
|
jng
|
hnt
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
Ridged montipora | |||||||||||||||||||
|
lab
|
kus
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
hnt
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Bumpy plate montipora | |||||||||||||||
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
kus
|
sis
|
jng
|
hnt
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Smooth plate montipora | ||||||||||||||
| Family Agariciidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
kus
|
sji
|
hnt
|
tsm
|
Pachyseris
rugosa Castle coral |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
tm
|
sji
|
sis
|
hnt
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Pachyseris
speciosa Ringed plate coral |
|||||||||||||||||
|
tm
|
snt
|
kus
|
sis
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Pavona
sp. Lettuce coral |
|||||||||||||||
| Family Dendrophyllidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turbinaria
sp. Disk corals |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
tm
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Turbinaria
sp. Encrusting disk coral |
|||||||||||
|
cj
|
skd
|
bb
|
tus
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Turbinaria
sp. Flowery disk coral |
|||||
|
snt
|
cyr
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Turbinaria
sp. Ruffled disk coral |
||||||||||||
|
tus
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
Turbinaria
sp. Thin disk coral |
||||||||||
|
prp
|
chg
|
ubn
|
ecp
|
laz
|
sis
|
jng
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Tubastrea
sp. Cave corals |
|||||||||||||||
| Family
Euphyllidae anchor corals |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
snt
|
kus
|
sji
|
sis
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
Euphyllia
ancora Brain anchor coral |
||||||||||||||||||
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Euphyllia
glabrescens Torch ancor coral |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
smk
|
rfl
|
Euphyllia
paradivisa Frog spawn coral |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sis
|
hnt
|
tsm
|
Euphyllia
paraancora Branching anchor coral |
||||||||||||||||||
|
prp
|
chg
|
ubn
|
cj
|
skd
|
bb
|
tus
|
ecp
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
||
| Family
Faviidae favid corals |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
hnt
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
Caulastraea
sp. Trumpet coral |
|||||||||||||||
|
cj
|
skd
|
bb
|
tus
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Cyphastrea
sp. Tiny ring corals |
|||||||
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Diploastrea
heliopora Moon coral |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
Echinopora
sp. Hedgehog coral |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
prp
|
chg
|
ubn
|
cj
|
skd
|
bb
|
tus
|
ecp
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Oulastrea
crispata Zebra coral |
||
| Hexagonal favid corals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
bb
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Columnar hexa favid | |||||||||
|
tus
|
tm
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Honey-comb hexa favid | |||||||||||
|
tus
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Maze hexa favid | |||||||||
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Small hexa favid | ||||||||||
|
tus
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
sji
|
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Smooth hexa favid | |||||||||||||||
|
tus
|
tm
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Tiny hexa favid | ||||||||||
|
tm
|
snt
|
cyr
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Toothed hex favid | ||||||||||||||
| Maze favid corals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
sis
|
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Jigsaw maze corals | ||||||||||||||
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Other maze corals | ||||||||||
| Ring favid corals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
bb
|
tus
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Big ring ocorals | ||||||||
|
bb
|
tus
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
hnt
|
lfa
|
Purple-and-white ring corals | |||||||||||||||
|
bb
|
tm
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Small o-ring corals | ||||||||||
|
prp
|
chg
|
ubn
|
cj
|
skd
|
bb
|
tus
|
ecp
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
||
| Family
Fungiidae mushroom corals |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
sis
|
hnt
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Ctenactis
sp. Feather mushroom coral |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Fungia
sp. Fungia mushroom coral |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
tm
|
snt
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
hnt
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Circular
mushrooom coral Fungia sp. |
||||||||||||||
|
sis
|
hnt
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Oval
fungia mushroom coral Fungia sp. |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
bb
|
hnt
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Heliofungia
actiniformis Sunflower mushroom coral |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Herpolitha
limax Tongue mushroom coral |
||||||||||||
|
tm
|
sis
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
Podabacia
sp. Bracket mushroom coral |
|||||||||||||||||
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
sis
|
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Polyphyllia
talpina Mole mushroom coral |
|||||||||||||||
| Family Merulinidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
tm
|
snt
|
kus
|
sis
|
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
Merulina
sp. Ridged plate corals |
|||||||||||||||
|
Hydnophora sp.
Horn corals |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
tm
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
Hydnophora
exesa Boulder horn coral |
|||||||||||||
|
sis
|
hnt
|
rfl
|
Hydnophora
rigida Branching horn coral |
||||||||||||||||||||||
| Family
Mussidae brain corals |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Lobophyllia
sp. Lobed brain coral |
|||||||||||||
|
tm
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
hnt
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Symphyllia
sp. Grooved brain coral |
|||||||||||||
|
kus
|
sis
|
hnt
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
Symphyllia
sp. White grooved brain coral |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Family Oculinidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
bb
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Galaxea
sp. Galaxy coral |
||||||||||
| Family Pectiniidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Pectinia
sp. Carnation coral |
|||||||||||
| Family Pocilloporidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Pocillopora
sp. Cauliflower coral |
||||||||||
| Family Poritidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goniopora
sp. Goniopora corals |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
cj
|
skd
|
bb
|
tus
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Goniopora
sp. Anemone coral |
||||||
|
skd
|
bb
|
tus
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Goniopora
sp. Small goniopora coral |
|||||||||
| Porites
sp. Pore corals |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
cj
|
skd
|
bb
|
tus
|
ecp
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Porites
sp. Boulder pore coral |
||||
|
skd
|
bb
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
sji
|
sis
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Porites
sp. Branching pore coral |
||||||||||
| Family Siderastreidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
chg
|
cj
|
bb
|
kus
|
Pseudosiderastrea
tayami Neat hexa coral |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Psammocora
sp. Sandpaper coral |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
cj
|
tus
|
tm
|
lab
|
snt
|
sji
|
sis
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
Psammocora
sp. Boulder sandpaper coral |
||||||||||||||||
|
lab
|
snt
|
cyr
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
tkr
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Psammcora
sp. Crinkled sandpaper coral |
|||||||||||
| Family Trachyphyllidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
bb
|
sji
|
sis
|
smk
|
rfl
|
Trachyphyllia
geoffroyi Cabbage coral |
||||||||||||||||||||
in red are those listed among the threatened animals of Singapore from Davison, G.W. H. and P. K. L. Ng and Ho Hua Chew, 2008. The Singapore Red Data Book: Threatened plants and animals of Singapore.
|
Northern
shores
|
ecp:
east coast park, tm:
tanah merah, prp:
pasir ris park,
chg: changi, ubn: pulau ubin (other than cj) cj: chek jawa, skd: pulau sekudu, bb: beting bronok, tus: tuas |
|
Southern
shores
|
lab:
labrador, snt:
sentosa, cyr:
cyrene reef, kus:
kusu island, laz:
lazarus island, sji:
st. john's island, sis:
sisters islands, jng: pulau jong, tkr: pulau tekukor, hnt: pulau hantu, tpg: terumbus pempang darat, tengah and laut, smk: pulau semakau, tsm: submerged reefs off semakau - terumbu raya, beting bemban besar, terumbu bemban, terumbu semakau, rfl: raffles lighthouse, lfa: live firing area (Salu, Sudong, Pawai, Senang, Biola and submerged reefs in the area) |
About citing this checklist.
|
|
|
photo
index of
cnidarians on this site
|